Earth and Sea by Louis Figuier

INTRODUCTION. The gradual progress of knowledge. 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024

BOOK I.

ON THE SITUATION OF THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE IN SPACE.

CHAPTER I. Situation of the Terrestrial Globe in the Universe. 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044

CHAPTER II. The Terrestrial Seasons. 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054

BOOK II.

ON THE FORM AND DIMENSIONS OF THE TERRESTRIAL GLOBE.

CHAPTER I. Form of the Earth. 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076

CHAPTER II. The three forms of Matter. 077 078 079

BOOK III.

SURFACE OF THE GLOBE.

CHAPTER I. The mountains: How they were Formed. 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

CHAPTER II. Mountains of Europe. 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154

CHAPTER III. Mountains of South America. 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172

CHAPTER IV. Mountains of Asia. 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196

CHAPTER V. Table of the Principal African Summits. 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204

CHAPTER VI. Valleys, Passes, and Ravines. 205 206 207 208 209 210 211

CHAPTER VII. 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220

CHAPTER VIII. The low levels of the Earth. 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233

CHAPTER IX. Deserts of Africa and Asia. 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260

BOOK IV.

THE TEMPERATURE OF THE GLOBE.

CHAPTER I. Temperature of the terrestrial globe. 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268

CHAPTER II. The limit of perpetual snow. 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279

CHAPTER III. The glaciers. 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312

CHAPTER IV. The landscapes of the Alps. 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326

CHAPTER V. The proper temperature of the globe. 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334

CHAPTER VI. Effects of the Internal Heat as shown in Earthquakes. 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356

CHAPTER VII. Descriptions of some signal calamities. 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386

CHAPTER VIII. Volcanoes: Central and Linear. 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474

BOOK V.

THE FRESH WATER.

CHAPTER I. Springs and natural fountains. 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498

CHAPTER II. Grottoes and Caverns. 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525

CHAPTER III. Rivers and Streams. 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554

CHAPTER IV. The Middle Course of Rivers. 555 556 557 558 559

CHAPTER V. The Lower Course of Rivers. 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584

CHAPTER VI. Lakes and Inland Seas. 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599

BOOK VI.

THE WORLD'S SEAS.

CHAPTER I. The Seas. 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625

CHAPTER II. The Depth of the Sea and Configuration of its Bed. 626 627 628 629 630 631 632

CHAPTER III. The Currents of the Ocean. 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642

CHAPTER IV. The Tides. 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652

CHAPTER V. The Polar Seas. 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694

FOOTNOTES

Geography of Homer (p. 16) 695

The Earth's Distance from the Sun (p. 27) 695 696

The Tropical Forest (p. 230) 697

Earthquakes (p. 346) 698

Scenery of Java (p. 433) 699

Volcanoes of Java (p. 435) 699

Cataracts (p. 545) 700 701

A Coral Reef (p. 621) 702

Formation of Coral Islands 702 703 704

INDEX 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712

ILLUSTRATIONS 713 714 715
NOTE: All figures are available here at 400 ppi.

PLATES

click on the thumbnail for images at 100 ppi

page	plate
227	Figure 83 - A Conflagration in the Pampas Plate at 400 ppi
247	Figure 90 - Arab Well Sinkers. Plate at 400 ppi
255	Figure 93 - The Great Deseret of Gobi Plate at 400 ppi
317	Figure 113 - The Mer de Glace (Mont Blanc). Plate at 400 ppi
445	Figure 151 - Lake Taupo (New Zealand). Plate at 400 ppi
453	Figure 154 - The Te-ta- Rata (New Zealand) Plate at 400 ppi
535	Figure 179 - Cascade of the Staubbach (From the Valley of Lauterbrunnen) Plate at 400 ppi
543	Figure 183. - The Falls of Niagara Plate at 400 ppi
599	Figure 202. - The Dead Sea. Plate at 400 ppi
655	Figure 223. - Ice-Field of the Arctic Ocean. Plate at 400 ppi
669	Figure 232 - Aurora Borealis in the Arctic Seas. Plate at 400 ppi