titlepage

reproduced from original documents.
Copyright © 2002 by Dr. David C. Bossard

   Frontispiece - Trenton High Falls

Dedication

Publication Notice

Preface  v.  vi.  vii

Contents  ix.  x.

CONTENTS.


I.  DISCLOSURE OF THE SUBJECT 13   013  014  015  016  017


II. THE ORDEAL BY WATER 18    018  019  020  021  022  023  024  025  026  027  028


III. THE ORDEAL BY FIRE 28    028  029  030  031  032  033  034  035  036


 IV. THE SOLAR SYSTEM IN A BLAZE 36    036  037  038  039  040  041  042  043  044  045  046  047  048  049


V. THE REIGN OF FIRE 49  049  050  051  052  053  054  055  056

VI. OLD OCEAN COMMENCES WORK 56   056  057  058  059  060  061  062  063  064  065

VII. A RAY OF LIFE 65  065  066  067  068  069  070  071  072  073


VIII. THE FRONT OF THE PROCESSION OF LIFE 73  073  074  075  076  077  078  079  080  081  082  083  084  085  086  087  088  089  090  091  092  093  094


IX. DISCOVERY OF THE PROGRAMME 94    094  095  096  096  097  098  099  100  101  102  103  104  105


X. THE GARDEN OF STONE LILIES 105   105  106  107  108  109  110

XI. THE FAIRY SAILOR AND HIS COUSINS 110  110  111  112  113  114  115  116  117  118  119  120  121  122

XII. ONWARD THROUGH THE AGES 122    122  123  124  125  126  127  128  129  130  131  132  133  134  135  136   137  138  139

XIII. AN UNDERGROUND EXCURSION 139    139  140  141  142  143  144  145  146  147  148  

XIV. THE SCENERY OF THE COAL PERIOD 149  149  150  151  152  153  154  155  156  157  158  159  160  161  162  163  164

XV. THE SCOUTS OF THE REPTILE HORDE 164    164  165  166  167  168  169  170  171  172  173

XVI. THE REIGN OF REPTILES 173    173  174  175  176  177  178  179  180  181  182  183  184  185  186  187  188  189  190  191  192  193  194  195

XVII. THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE EMPIRE OF REPTILES 195  195  196  197  198  199

XVIII. THE REIGN OF MAMMALS 199  199  200  201  202  203  204  205  206  207  208  209  210  211  212


XIX. THE REIGN OF ICE 213  213  214  215  216  217  218  219  220  221  222

XX. LABORS OF THE ICE-BORN TORRENTS, AND THE OCEAN BURIAL 222  222  223  224  225  226  227  228  229

XXI. RESURRECTION OF THE CONTINENT 229  229  230  231  232  233  234  234  235  236  237  238  239  240  241

XXII. FORMER HIGHER LEVEL OF THE GREAT LAKES 241  241  242  243  244  245  246  247  248  249

XXIII. VITALITY OF BURIED VEGETABLE GERMS 249    249  250  251  252  253  254  255  256  256  257  258  259  260  261  262  263  264

XXIV. PRAIRIES AND THEIR TREELESSNESS 264    264  265  266  267  268  269  270  271  272

XXV. SOMETHING ABOUT OIL 272    272  273  274  275  276  277  278  279  280  281  282  283  284  285  286  287  288  289  290  291  292  293  294

XXVI. SOMETHING ABOUT ROCK-SALT AND GYPSUM 294    294  295  296  297  298  299  300  301  302  303  304  305  306  307

XXVII. METHOD IN THE GROWTH OF CONTINENTS 307    307  308  309  310  311  312  313  314

XXVIII. METHOD IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE 314    314  315  316  317  318  319  320  321  322  323


XXIX. WORLD-THOUGHTS 323   323  324  325  326  327  328  329  330  331

[x CONTENTS.]

XXX. ANTICIPATIONS OF MAN IN NATURE  331    331  332  333  334  335  336  337  338

XXXI. THE TOOTH OF TIME 338    338  339  340  341  342  343  344  345  346  347  348  349 350

XXXII. PRIMEVAL MAN 350    350  351  352  353  354  355  356  357  358  359  360  361  362  363  364  365  366  367  368  369  370  371  372  373

XXXIII. WILL THERE BE AN ANIMAL SUPERIOR TO MAN? 373    373  374  375  376  377  378  379  380

XXXIV. POPULAR BELIEFS IN PERIODICAL CATASTROPHES TO THE UNIVERSE 380  380  381  382  383  384  385  386  387

XXXV. SOME THOUGHTS ON PERPETUAL MOTION 390    390  391  392  393  394  395  396  397

XXXVI. WILL THE MOUNTAINS BE LEVELED? 397    397  398  399  400  401  402

XXXVII. THE REIGN OF UNIVERSAL WINTER 402    402  403  404  405  406  407  408

XXXVIII. THE SUN COOLING OFF 408    408  409  410  411  412  413  414  415  416  417

XXXIX. THE MACHINERY OF THE HEAVENS RUNNING DOWN... 417    417  418  419  420  421  422  423  424  425  426  427  428

XL. THE CYCLES OF MATTER 428    428  429  430  431

APPENDIX 433    433  434  435  436  437  438  439  440  441  442  443  444  445


INDEX 447    447  448  449  450  451  452  453  454  455  456  457  458  459 


ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig.
 Title
 page
1. Fossil Bivalve-view of ventral valve  014
2. Fossil Bivalve-edge view of both valves  014
3. Common River Mussel-view of left valve  014
4. Common River Mussel-view of both valves along hinge line  014
5. View of the Temple of Serapis at Puzzuoli in 1836  020
6. View of Graham's Island, July 18,1831
  023
7. New Volcano of Santorin, 1866  024
8. Work of the Elements at Cape Stevens, Arctic Ocean  027
9. Shore Erosion on the Mendocino Coast, California  031
10. Fingal's Cave in Staffa  034
11. Comparative Volumes of the gaseous and solid Earth  039
12. The Solar System rotating in a gaseous state  043
13. Primeval Wrinkles in the Earth's forming Crust  053
14. The Primeval Storm  055
15. Shore Erosion and distribution of Sediments  057
16. Diagram of Chemical Reactions in the Primeval Ocean  061
17. Structure of the oldest known Fossil  068
18. The Humblest of Living Creatures ( Amœba princeps)  070
19. Disturbed Condition of Eozoic Strata  074
20. The Germ of the North American Continent  074
21. A St. John's Trilobite ( Paradoxides Harlani)  076
22. Cliffs of Potsdam Sandstone, New York  077
23. A Potsdam Bivalve ( Lingula prima)  079
24. A Potsdam Bivalve ( Lingula antiqua)  079
25. Modern Lingulas anchored to a Support
  079
26. A Potsdam Trilobite ( Dicellocephalus Minnesotensis)  080
27. A Trilobite rolled up  080
28. Eye of a Trilobite magnified  081
29. A Potsdam Sea-weed ( Palæophycus arthrophycus)  083
30. Outlines of Lake Superior  084
31. Section across Lake Superior  084
32. The Miner's Castle, "Pictured Rocks," Lake Superior  086
33. The Sail Rock, "Pictured Rocks," Lake Superior  088
34. The Grand Portal, "Pictured Rocks," Lake Superior  089
35. Camp on the Beach, near the Chapel  090
36. The Chapel, "Pictured Rocks," Lake Superior  091
37. Chapel Falls, "Pictured Rocks," Lake Superior  092
38. Section across the Continent of North America  095
39. Hydrographic and Orographic Outlines of North America  096
40. A living Crinoid (Pentacrinus caput-Medusœ)  107
41. A Trenton Trilobite ( Asaphus gigas)  108
42. The Paper Nautilus ( Argonauta Argo)  110
43. Paper Nautilus with the arms spread  111
44. The Eight-armed Cuttle-fish  112
45. A "Kraken Octopod" scuttling a Three-master  113
46. The Pearly Nautilus ( Nautilus pompilius)  114
47. A Straight Chambered Shell ( Ormoceras tenufilum)  115
48. A Coiled Chambered Shell ( Trocholites ammonius)  115
49. A Devonian Cephalopod ( Clymenia Sedgwicki)  116
50. A Carboniferous Cephalopod ( Goniatites Allei)  116
51. A Mesozoic Cephalopod ( Baculites ovatus)  117
52. An Ammonite ( Ammonites canaliculatus)  119
53. Plans of Septa among Chambered Shells  119
54. Garpikes of North America  120
55. The Continent at the end of the Silurian Age  123
56. An Upper Silurian Sea-weed ( Arthrophycus Harlani)  124
57. Ideal Landscape of the Devonian Age  130
58. Trends of the great Limestone Masses of the United States  135
59. Portrait of Hugh Miller, the Scottish Geologist  137
60. Miners going down a Shaft  140
61. View in an English Coal Mine  142
62. Explosion in a Coal Mine  144
63. Miner at Work-old manner of working  146
64. Coal-plants on Shale  147
65. ideal Landscape of the Coal Period  150
66. Remains of a Lepidodendron  157
67. Vertical Tree-trunks in a Coal Mine  159
68. The Continent at the end of Paleozoic Time  162

Frond of an ancient Tree-fern ( Pecopteris)  163
69. Labyrinthodon (restored)  172
70. Ideal Landscape of the Age of Reptiles  177
71. Ichthyosaur and Plesiosaur in Conflict  179
72. Haunts of the Pterodactyl  181
73. Footprints from the Connecticut Valley  183
74. A Three-toed Reptile (restored)  184
75. Tooth of an extinct New Jersey Saurian  192
76. A gigantic extinct Reptile of North America ( Hadrosaurus Foulki)  193
77. The Continent at the end of Mesozoic Time  200
78. The Bad Lands of Dakotah  206
79. Portrait of David Dale Owen, the eminent Western Geologist  211
80. Great Glacier, Bute Inlet, Alaska  216
81. Glacier Furrows and Scratches in Michigan  218
82. River issuing from a Swiss Glacier  223
83. Phenomena of Wells and Springs in Drift Materials  233
84. Former High Waters of the Great Lakes  244
85. Sugar Loaf, Mackinac Island  247
86. Arched Rock, Mackinac Island  248
87. Mining Cedar Logs in a buried Swamp  258
88. The Noble Oil Well, Pennsylvania  274
89. Blowing and Flowing Oil Wells  285
90. View of the Salt Works, Mason City, West Virginia  294
91. Section across the Lower Peninsula of Michigan  299
92. Section of the Onondaga Salt Basin, New York  303
93. Portrait of Professor James D. Dana  312
94. A Reminiscence of the Trilobites ( Glyptonotus Antarcticus)  322
95. Section across the Basin of Middle Tennessee  342
96. Upper Cataract Creek, near Big Cañon, Colorado  346
97. Big Cañon of the Colorado  348
98. Pre-historic Man and Scenes  351
99. Extinct giant Elk compared with Man  355
100. Engraving by a Pre-historic Artist - the Hairy Mammoth  358
101. The Hairy Mammoth (restored)  359