WALKS AND TALKS

in the

GEOLOGICAL FIELD

by

Alexander Winchell, LL.D.,

Professor of Geology, Zoology, and Botany
in the University of Michigan,
and Director of the State Geological Survey


329 pages

This electronic edition prepared by Dr. David C. Bossard
from original documents in his personal library

February, 2006.

Copyright © 2006 by David C. Bossard.


CONTENTS.

PREFACE  3   003  004


I. FACTS;

OR,

THE RECORD GIVEN US TO READ.



I. THE GEOLOGY AT OUR DOORS  9    009  010  011  012

Surface Materials.

II. LOST ROCKS, 13   013  014  015  016  017

Bowlders.


III. THE GRAVEL PIT  18  018  019  020  021  022  023

Arrangement of the Drift.


IV. AMONG THE GLACIERS,  24   024  025  026  027  028  029

Geological Action of Glaciers.

V. THE HILLSIDE SPRING AND ITS WORK,  30   030  031  032  033  034

Subterranean Waters and their Deposits.

VI. INTRODUCTION TO THE ROCKS,  35   035  036  037  038  039  040

Kinds of Minerals and Stones.

VII. THE FLOODS OF THE GREAT LAKES,  41  041  042  043  044

Lacustrine Deposits and Terraces.

VIII. THE MUD FLAT  45   045  046  047  048  049

Sedimentation.

IX. THE RIVER GORGE  50   050  051  052  053  054  055 

Erosion.

X. A WALK UNDER THE SEA  50   056  057  058  059  060  061

What goes on in the Ocean Depths.

XI. BY THE ROCKY WALL  62   062  063  064  065  066

Strata and their Classification.

XII. MYSTERIOUS FORMS OF LIFE   67   067  068  069  070  071  072  073

Fossils.

XIII. COURSES OF THE EARTH'S MASONRY  74   074  075  076  077  078

How the formations are arranged.

XIV. A WALK IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK  79   079  080  081  082  083  084

Thermal Waters.


XV. AMONG THE VOLCANOES  85   085  086  087  088  089  090

Indications of Internal Fires.

XVI. FROZEN SEAS OF LAVA  91   091  092  093  094  095

Ancient Lavas.


XVII. IMPRISONED HEAT  96   096  097  098  099  100  101

Internal Condition of the Earth.


XVIII. THE UNSTABLE LAND  102  102  103  104  105  106  107

Phenomena and Causes of Earthquakes.


XIX. THE FRAMEWORK OF THE MOUNTAINS  108  108  109  110  111  112

Mountain Structures.


XX HOW THE MOUNTAIN FRAMEWORK IS REARED  113  113  114  115  116  117  118

Mountain Formation.


XXI. DOWN IN A MINE  119  119  120  121  122  123  124

Modes of Occurence of the Metals.


XXII. THE KING OF METALS  125  125  126  127  128  129

Iron and Its Geology.


XXIII. THE CRYSTALS OF THE SEA  130   130  131  132  133  134

Salt and Gypsum.


XXIV. LIQUID SUNLIGHT  135   135  136  137  138  139  140

Petroleum.


XXV. GASEOUS SUNLIGHT  141  141  142  143  144  145  146  147  148

Natural Gas-Its Wonders and its Geology.


XXVI. SOLIDIFIED SUNLIGHT  149   149  150  151  152  153

Coal and Coal-Beds.


AMONG THE FOSSILS



XXVII. MONSTERS OF A BURIED WORLD  154   154  155  156  157  158  159  160  161

Extinct Quaternary Mammals.

XXVIII. THE CEMETERIES OF THE BAD LANDS  162  162  163  164  165  166

Tertiary Fossils..

XXIX. LESSON FROM A LUMP OF CHALK  167  167  168  169  170  171  172

Mesozoic Rocks and Fossils.

XXX. LONE BURIALS IN THE COAL LANDS  173  173  174  175  176  177

Coal Measure Fossils.

XXXI. TERRIBLE FISHES AND THEIR COMPANIONS  178   178  179  180  181  182  183

Remains of the Devonian Age.

XXXII. ANCESTRY OF THE, PEARLY NAUTILUS  184  184  185  186  187  188  189

Silurian Remains.

XXXIII. THE KING-CRAB'S GRANDFATHER AND OTHER GRANDFATIIERS  190  190  191  192  193  194  195  196

Cambrian Fossils.

XXXIV. EARTH'S DEEPEST GRAVES  197  197  198  199  200  201

The Eozoic Animal.

XXXV. AN EARLIER BEGINNING  202  202  203  204  205  206  207

Intimations of a Fiery Æon.


II. HISTORICAL GLIMPSES; OR,

STORY OF THE WORLD SET IN ORDER.


XXXVI. GATHERING WORLD-STUFF  208  208  209  210  211  212  213

Wandering Germs of Worlds.

XXXVII. THE WHIRLING FIRE-MIST  214  214  215  216  217  218

Nebular Theory of World Origin.

XXXVIII. THE PRIMEVAL STORM  219   219  220  221  222  223

Origin of the Ocean.


XXXIX. THE WAR IN TIlE OCEAN  224   224  225  226  227  228  229

The Earliest Strata.

XL. THE WORLD WITHOUT A BACK-BONE  230   230  231  232  233  234  235

Reign of Invertebrates.


XLI. THE DYNASTY OF FISHES  236   236  237  238  239  240

Devonian and Carboniferous Times.

XLII. SCENES FROM TIlE COAL PERIOD  241   241  242  243  244  245

How the Coal-Beds were Formed.

XLIII. THE REPTILE MONARCHIES  246   246  247  248  249  250  251

Mesozoic Events.

XLIV. MAMMALIAN RULE  252   252  253  254  255  256  257

Cenozoic Times.

XLV. ANTICIPATION AND RETROSPECT IN LIFE-PLANS  258   258  259  260  261  262  263

Comprehensive Types.


XLVI. THE THROES OF THE CONTINENT  264   264  265  266  267  268  269

How the Land Grew.


XLVII. THE REIGN OF ICE  270    270  271  272  273  274

Continental Glaciation.

XLVIII. A GEOLOGIC SPRING TIME  275   275  276  277  278  279  280

Incidents of the Champlain Epoch.


XLIX. THE EARTH RECEIVES HER KING  281   281  282  283  284  285  286  287

Advent of Man.

III. RETROSPECT;

OR,

HOW THE STORY OF THE WORLD IMPRESSES US.


L. THE ABYSS OF CENTURIES  288   288  289  290  291  292  293

The Age of the World.

LI. THE METHOD OF CREATION  294  294  295  296  297  298  299

The Question of Evolution.

LII. THE HUMAN FACTOR IN THE WORLD'S VICISSITUDES  300   300  301  302  303  304  305

Man in the Light of Science.

LIII MIND IN MATTER  306  306  307  308  309  310  311

The Interpretation of Nature.

LIV, ONE EMPIRE  312  312  313  314  315  316  317

The Unity of Nature.

SYNOPTICAL VIEW
    OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS  319   319  320

CITATIONS TO OTHER WORKS  321   321  322

INDEX  323-329   323  324  325  326  327  328  329